What are the reagents commonly used in Southern blotting?

One reagent commonly used is sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to denature DNA fragments after electrophoresis, making them single-stranded. Another reagent is using a high-salt buffer (e.g. 2X SSC) to facilitate the transfer of DNA fragments from the gel to the membrane during blotting. The 6X DNA loading buffer’s reagents typically include 0.25% bromophenol blue, 30% glycerol, and 0.25% xylene cyanol FF. A gel matrix composed of agarose is used for electrophoresis to separate DNA fragments based on size should also be used. The buffer used for electrophoresis is TAE or TBE. SDS is also used to denature the proteins in following gel electrophoresis. Sodium chloride to prepare is commonly used to prepare buffers such as Tris-buffered saline (TBS) or saline-sodium citrate (SSC) buffer. Restriction enzymes are also required for cutting the DNA into fragments at specific recognition sites.