D-Luciferin, potassium salt *CAS#: 115144-35-9*
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Physical properties
Molecular weight | 318.41 |
Solvent | Water |
Spectral properties
Excitation (nm) | 385 |
Emission (nm) | 529 |
Storage, safety and handling
H-phrase | H303, H313, H333 |
Hazard symbol | XN |
Intended use | Research Use Only (RUO) |
R-phrase | R20, R21, R22 |
Storage | Freeze (< -15 °C); Minimize light exposure |
UNSPSC | 41105331 |
Overview | ![]() ![]() |
See also: Luciferases, Oxidases
CAS 115144-35-9 | Molecular weight 318.41 | Excitation (nm) 385 | Emission (nm) 529 |
Luciferin is the most popular and versatile bioluminescent substrate. The firefly luciferase/luciferin bioluminescent system is found in the firefly (Photinus pyralis) and several other beetles. Luciferase oxidizes ATP-activated luciferin through a dioxetanone intermediate. Firefly luciferase produces light by the ATP-dependent oxidation of luciferin. The 560 nm chemiluminescence from this reaction peaks within seconds, with light output that is proportional to luciferase activity when luciferin and ATP are present in excess. Firefly luciferase has long been conjugated to antibodies and used as a label in immunoassays using luciferin as the substrate for detection. Compared to HRP and alkaline phosphatase, luciferase is less tolerant to chemical modifications. One particular advantage to the enzyme is that there is low endogenous luciferase activity in mammalian tissues besides its high sensitivity. Another important use of luciferase is in the area of hygiene monitoring. The luciferase/luciferin system can be used to detect contamination because ATP, present in all living organisms, is required to produce luminescence. The main application for this type of ATP bioluminescence is quality assurance by testing surfacesin food processing plants to determine whether or not there iscontamination of eitherequipment or products.
Calculators
Common stock solution preparation
Table 1. Volume of Water needed to reconstitute specific mass of D-Luciferin, potassium salt *CAS#: 115144-35-9* to given concentration. Note that volume is only for preparing stock solution. Refer to sample experimental protocol for appropriate experimental/physiological buffers.
0.1 mg | 0.5 mg | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 314.06 µL | 1.57 mL | 3.141 mL | 15.703 mL | 31.406 mL |
5 mM | 62.812 µL | 314.06 µL | 628.121 µL | 3.141 mL | 6.281 mL |
10 mM | 31.406 µL | 157.03 µL | 314.06 µL | 1.57 mL | 3.141 mL |
Molarity calculator
Enter any two values (mass, volume, concentration) to calculate the third.
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Images
![Diltiazem attenuates 4T1 cells colonization to lung in vivo. A Representative IVIS images of BALB/c mice 21 days after 4T1-luc cells injection. Diltiazem (1, 3 mg/kg) was given by oral gavage, and ddH2O was served as vehicle control. B Quantification of luciferase intensity of mice on days 18, 21, and 25. Graphs showed mean ± S.D. of at least four independent experiments. p value was calculated using Student’s t test. ***p < 0.001 compared to sham group. ###p < 0.001 compared to control group. Source: <b>Diltiazem inhibits breast cancer metastasis via mediating growth differentiation factor 15 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition</b> by Yen-Chang Chen, Chen-Teng Wu, Jia-Hong Chen, Cheng-Fang Tsai, Chen-Yun Wu, Pei-Chun Chang & Wei-Lan Yeh. <em>Oncogenesis</em>. August 2022.](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.aatbio.com%2Fproducts%2Ffigures-and-data%2Fd-luciferin-potassium-salt-cas-115144-35-9%2Ffigure-for-d-luciferin-potassium-salt-cas-115144-35-9_VdBwI.png&w=3840&q=75)
Figure 2. Diltiazem attenuates 4T1 cells colonization to lung in vivo. A Representative IVIS images of BALB/c mice 21 days after 4T1-luc cells injection. Diltiazem (1, 3 mg/kg) was given by oral gavage, and ddH2O was served as vehicle control. B Quantification of luciferase intensity of mice on days 18, 21, and 25. Graphs showed mean ± S.D. of at least four independent experiments. p value was calculated using Student’s t test. ***p < 0.001 compared to sham group. ###p < 0.001 compared to control group. Source: Diltiazem inhibits breast cancer metastasis via mediating growth differentiation factor 15 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by Yen-Chang Chen, Chen-Teng Wu, Jia-Hong Chen, Cheng-Fang Tsai, Chen-Yun Wu, Pei-Chun Chang & Wei-Lan Yeh. Oncogenesis. August 2022.
![Representative images of photon emission in Arc-Luc Tg HL mice at 4 W and 8 W with acute GLA treatment (80 mg/kg BW i.p.). Mice were subcutaneously implanted with luciferin-filled osmotic pumps and bioluminescence signal images in the forebrain (pseudocolored, 0–10,000 counts) were examined before (at 0 h) and after (at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h) acute GLA treatment. Location of ROIs for the forebrain (white circles) is indicated in images at 0 h. Scale bar, 10 mm. Source: <b>Bioluminescence imaging of Arc expression in mouse brain under acute and chronic exposure to pesticides</b> by Hironori Izumi, Tetsuya Ishimoto, Hiroshi Yamamoto, and Hisashi Mori. <em>NeuroToxicology</em>. March 2019.](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.aatbio.com%2Fproducts%2Ffigures-and-data%2Fd-luciferin-potassium-salt-cas-115144-35-9%2Ffigure-for-d-luciferin-potassium-salt-cas-115144-35-9_xZE9W.png&w=3840&q=75)
Figure 3. Representative images of photon emission in Arc-Luc Tg HL mice at 4 W and 8 W with acute GLA treatment (80 mg/kg BW i.p.). Mice were subcutaneously implanted with luciferin-filled osmotic pumps and bioluminescence signal images in the forebrain (pseudocolored, 0–10,000 counts) were examined before (at 0 h) and after (at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h) acute GLA treatment. Location of ROIs for the forebrain (white circles) is indicated in images at 0 h. Scale bar, 10 mm. Source: Bioluminescence imaging of Arc expression in mouse brain under acute and chronic exposure to pesticides by Hironori Izumi, Tetsuya Ishimoto, Hiroshi Yamamoto, and Hisashi Mori. NeuroToxicology. March 2019.
![Establishment of a cell-derived xenograft model on the CAM using the RMS cell lines, RD and Rh30. A total of 7 days after transplantation with firefly-expressing RD and Rh30 cells onto the CAM, both tumors formed a mass that could be visualized by adding D-luciferin. Tumor formed on the CAM on day 16 (7 days after transplantation of RD or Rh30 cells). Images on the left were captured on a clean bench, whereas images on the right were observed using the G:BOX Chemi XRQ gel doc system following the addition of luciferin. Source: <b>In ovo chorioallantoic membrane assay as a xenograft model for pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma</b> by Chika Shoji, Ken Kikuchi, Hideki Yoshida, Mitsuru Miyachi, Shigeki Yagyu, Kunihiko Tsuchiya, Takaaki Nakaya, Hajime Hosoi, and Tomoko Iehara. <em>Oncology Reports</em>, March 2023.](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.aatbio.com%2Fproducts%2Ffigures-and-data%2Fd-luciferin-potassium-salt-cas-115144-35-9%2Ffigure-for-d-luciferin-potassium-salt-cas-115144-35-9_gpto7.png&w=3840&q=75)
Figure 4. Establishment of a cell-derived xenograft model on the CAM using the RMS cell lines, RD and Rh30. A total of 7 days after transplantation with firefly-expressing RD and Rh30 cells onto the CAM, both tumors formed a mass that could be visualized by adding D-luciferin. Tumor formed on the CAM on day 16 (7 days after transplantation of RD or Rh30 cells). Images on the left were captured on a clean bench, whereas images on the right were observed using the G:BOX Chemi XRQ gel doc system following the addition of luciferin. Source: In ovo chorioallantoic membrane assay as a xenograft model for pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma by Chika Shoji, Ken Kikuchi, Hideki Yoshida, Mitsuru Miyachi, Shigeki Yagyu, Kunihiko Tsuchiya, Takaaki Nakaya, Hajime Hosoi, and Tomoko Iehara. Oncology Reports, March 2023.
Citations
View all 21 citations: Citation Explorer
Timely delivery of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells based on the inflammatory pattern of bone injury environment to promote the repair of calvarial bone defects in rats: An optimized strategy for bone tissue engineering
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Journal: Journal of Tissue Engineering (2024): 20417314241252960
Authors: Zeng, Yuwei and Lou, Aiju and Zhong, Zhenmin and Cai, Yu and Yang, Yixi and Liang, Haifeng and Lin, Yucong and He, Zhuoxuan and Zhou, Lei and Zhang, Zhi-Yong and others,
Journal: Journal of Tissue Engineering (2024): 20417314241252960
Bmal1 integrates circadian function and temperature sensing in the suprachiasmatic nucleus
Authors: Hoekstra, Marieke MB and Ness, Natalie and Badia-Soteras, Aina and Brancaccio, Marco
Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2024): e2316646121
Authors: Hoekstra, Marieke MB and Ness, Natalie and Badia-Soteras, Aina and Brancaccio, Marco
Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2024): e2316646121
Water Quality Monitoring with the Multiplexed Assay MitoOxTox for Mitochondrial Toxicity, Oxidative Stress Response, and Cytotoxicity in AREc32 Cells
Authors: Lee, Jungeun and König, Maria and Braun, Georg and Escher, Beate I
Journal: Environmental Science \& Technology (2024)
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Tonic TCR and IL-1$\beta$ signaling mediate phenotypic alterations of naive CD4+ T cells
Authors: Sekiya, Takashi and Hidano, Shinya and Takaki, Satoshi
Journal: Cell Reports (2024): 113954
Authors: Sekiya, Takashi and Hidano, Shinya and Takaki, Satoshi
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A rat model of dual-flow liver machine perfusion system
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Journal: Acta Cir{\'u}rgica Brasileira (2023): e387723
Authors: Ohara, Masayuki and Ishikawa, Jun and Yoshimoto, Syuhei and Hakamata, Yoji and Kobayashi, Eiji
Journal: Acta Cir{\'u}rgica Brasileira (2023): e387723
GRAS family member LATERAL SUPPRESSOR regulates the initiation and morphogenesis of watermelon lateral organs
Authors: Jiang, Yanxin and Zhang, Anran and He, Wenjing and Li, Qingqing and Zhao, Bosi and Zhao, Hongjiao and Ke, Xubo and Guo, Yalu and Sun, Piaoyun and Yang, Tongwen and others,
Journal: Plant Physiology (2023): kiad445
Authors: Jiang, Yanxin and Zhang, Anran and He, Wenjing and Li, Qingqing and Zhao, Bosi and Zhao, Hongjiao and Ke, Xubo and Guo, Yalu and Sun, Piaoyun and Yang, Tongwen and others,
Journal: Plant Physiology (2023): kiad445
In ovo chorioallantoic membrane assay as a xenograft model for pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Shoji, Chika and Kikuchi, Ken and Yoshida, Hideki and Miyachi, Mitsuru and Yagyu, Shigeki and Tsuchiya, Kunihiko and Nakaya, Takaaki and Hosoi, Hajime and Iehara, Tomoko
Journal: Oncology Reports (2023): 1--10
Authors: Shoji, Chika and Kikuchi, Ken and Yoshida, Hideki and Miyachi, Mitsuru and Yagyu, Shigeki and Tsuchiya, Kunihiko and Nakaya, Takaaki and Hosoi, Hajime and Iehara, Tomoko
Journal: Oncology Reports (2023): 1--10
Magnetically empowered bone marrow cells as a micro-living motor can improve early hematopoietic reconstitution
Authors: Mai, Qiusui and Wang, Zhengyuan and Chen, Quanfeng and Zhang, Jialu and Zhang, Dingyi and Li, Chengyao and Jiang, Qianli
Journal: Cytotherapy (2022)
Authors: Mai, Qiusui and Wang, Zhengyuan and Chen, Quanfeng and Zhang, Jialu and Zhang, Dingyi and Li, Chengyao and Jiang, Qianli
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Diltiazem inhibits breast cancer metastasis via mediating growth differentiation factor 15 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Chen, Yen-Chang and Wu, Chen-Teng and Chen, Jia-Hong and Tsai, Cheng-Fang and Wu, Chen-Yun and Chang, Pei-Chun and Yeh, Wei-Lan
Journal: Oncogenesis (2022): 1--9
Authors: Chen, Yen-Chang and Wu, Chen-Teng and Chen, Jia-Hong and Tsai, Cheng-Fang and Wu, Chen-Yun and Chang, Pei-Chun and Yeh, Wei-Lan
Journal: Oncogenesis (2022): 1--9
Andrographolide Derivatives Target the KEAP1/NRF2 Axis and Possess Potent Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity
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Authors: Schulte, Bianca and K{\"o}nig, Maria and Escher, Beate I and Wittenburg, Sophie and Proj, Matic and Wolf, Valentina and Lemke, Carina and Schnakenburg, Gregor and Sosi{\v{c}}, Izidor and Streeck, Hendrik and others,
Journal: ChemMedChem (2022): e202100732
References
View all 113 references: Citation Explorer
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Cloning and characterization of the homologous genes of firefly luciferase in the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor
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Journal: Insect Mol Biol (2006): 293
Authors: Oba Y, Sato M, Inouye S.
Journal: Insect Mol Biol (2006): 293
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Journal: Mol Imaging Biol (2006): 218
Effect of different salts and detergents on luciferin-luciferase luminescence of the enchytraeid Fridericia heliota
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Journal: Langmuir (2006): 5451
PET imaging and optical imaging with D-luciferin [11C]methyl ester and D-luciferin [11C]methyl ether of luciferase gene expression in tumor xenografts of living mice
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Application notes
A New Protein Crosslinking Method for Labeling and Modifying Antibodies
Abbreviation of Common Chemical Compounds Related to Peptides
An Increase in Plasma Homovanillic Acid with Cocoa Extract Consumption Is Associated with the Alleviation of Depressive Symptoms in Overweight or Obese Adults
Attenuation of lysyl oxidase and collagen gene expression in keratoconus patient corneal epithelium corresponds to disease severity
β-adrenoceptors are upregulated in human melanoma and their activation releases pro-tumorigenic cytokines and metalloproteases in melanoma cell lines
Abbreviation of Common Chemical Compounds Related to Peptides
An Increase in Plasma Homovanillic Acid with Cocoa Extract Consumption Is Associated with the Alleviation of Depressive Symptoms in Overweight or Obese Adults
Attenuation of lysyl oxidase and collagen gene expression in keratoconus patient corneal epithelium corresponds to disease severity
β-adrenoceptors are upregulated in human melanoma and their activation releases pro-tumorigenic cytokines and metalloproteases in melanoma cell lines