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D-Luciferin, free acid *CAS#: 2591-17-5*
Luciferin is the most popular and versatile bioluminescent substrate. The firefly luciferase/luciferin bioluminescent system is found in the firefly (Photinus pyralis) and several other beetles. Luciferase oxidizes ATP-activated luciferin through a dioxetanone intermediate. Firefly luciferase produces light by the ATP-dependent oxidation of luciferin. The 530 nm chemiluminescence from this reaction peaks within seconds, with light output proportional to luciferase activity when luciferin and ATP are in excess. Firefly luciferase has long been conjugated to antibodies and used as a label in immunoassays using luciferin as the substrate for detection. Compared to HRP and alkaline phosphatase, luciferase is less tolerant to chemical modifications. One particular advantage to the enzyme is that there is low endogenous luciferase activity in mammalian tissues besides its high sensitivity. Another important use of luciferase is in the area of hygiene monitoring. The luciferase/luciferin system can be used to detect contamination because ATP, present in all living organisms, is required to produce luminescence. The main application for this type of ATP bioluminescence is quality assurance by testing surfaces in food processing plants to determine whether or not there is any contamination of either equipment or products.
Example protocol
AT A GLANCE
Important notes
It is important to store at <-15 °C and should be stored in cool, dark place.
It can be used within 12 months from the date of receipt.
Calculators
Common stock solution preparation
Table 1. Volume of DMSO needed to reconstitute specific mass of D-Luciferin, free acid *CAS#: 2591-17-5* to given concentration. Note that volume is only for preparing stock solution. Refer to sample experimental protocol for appropriate experimental/physiological buffers.
| 0.1 mg | 0.5 mg | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 356.735 µL | 1.784 mL | 3.567 mL | 17.837 mL | 35.674 mL |
| 5 mM | 71.347 µL | 356.735 µL | 713.47 µL | 3.567 mL | 7.135 mL |
| 10 mM | 35.674 µL | 178.368 µL | 356.735 µL | 1.784 mL | 3.567 mL |
Molarity calculator
Enter any two values (mass, volume, concentration) to calculate the third.
| Mass (Calculate) | Molecular weight | Volume (Calculate) | Concentration (Calculate) | Moles | ||||
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Spectrum
Citations
View all 11 citations: Citation Explorer
Bmal1 integrates circadian function and temperature sensing in the suprachiasmatic nucleus
Authors: Hoekstra, Marieke MB and Ness, Natalie and Badia-Soteras, Aina and Brancaccio, Marco
Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2024): e2316646121
Authors: Hoekstra, Marieke MB and Ness, Natalie and Badia-Soteras, Aina and Brancaccio, Marco
Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2024): e2316646121
A rat model of dual-flow liver machine perfusion system
Authors: Ohara, Masayuki and Ishikawa, Jun and Yoshimoto, Syuhei and Hakamata, Yoji and Kobayashi, Eiji
Journal: Acta Cir{\'u}rgica Brasileira (2023): e387723
Authors: Ohara, Masayuki and Ishikawa, Jun and Yoshimoto, Syuhei and Hakamata, Yoji and Kobayashi, Eiji
Journal: Acta Cir{\'u}rgica Brasileira (2023): e387723
GRAS family member LATERAL SUPPRESSOR regulates the initiation and morphogenesis of watermelon lateral organs
Authors: Jiang, Yanxin and Zhang, Anran and He, Wenjing and Li, Qingqing and Zhao, Bosi and Zhao, Hongjiao and Ke, Xubo and Guo, Yalu and Sun, Piaoyun and Yang, Tongwen and others,
Journal: Plant Physiology (2023): kiad445
Authors: Jiang, Yanxin and Zhang, Anran and He, Wenjing and Li, Qingqing and Zhao, Bosi and Zhao, Hongjiao and Ke, Xubo and Guo, Yalu and Sun, Piaoyun and Yang, Tongwen and others,
Journal: Plant Physiology (2023): kiad445
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation studies of novel carboxylesterase 2 inhibitors for the treatment of irinotecan-induced delayed diarrhea
Authors: Yang, Zhongcheng and Cao, Zhijun and Wang, Wenxin and Chen, Ya and Huang, Wanqiu and Jiao, Shixuan and Chen, Siliang and Chen, Lianru and Liu, Yuxia and Mao, Jianming and others,
Journal: Bioorganic Chemistry (2023): 106625
Authors: Yang, Zhongcheng and Cao, Zhijun and Wang, Wenxin and Chen, Ya and Huang, Wanqiu and Jiao, Shixuan and Chen, Siliang and Chen, Lianru and Liu, Yuxia and Mao, Jianming and others,
Journal: Bioorganic Chemistry (2023): 106625
Diltiazem inhibits breast cancer metastasis via mediating growth differentiation factor 15 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Chen, Yen-Chang and Wu, Chen-Teng and Chen, Jia-Hong and Tsai, Cheng-Fang and Wu, Chen-Yun and Chang, Pei-Chun and Yeh, Wei-Lan
Journal: Oncogenesis (2022): 1--9
Authors: Chen, Yen-Chang and Wu, Chen-Teng and Chen, Jia-Hong and Tsai, Cheng-Fang and Wu, Chen-Yun and Chang, Pei-Chun and Yeh, Wei-Lan
Journal: Oncogenesis (2022): 1--9
References
View all 113 references: Citation Explorer
Bioluminescence of monolayers of firefly luciferase immobilized on graphite
Authors: Palomba S, Berovic N, Palmer RE.
Journal: Langmuir (2006): 5451
Authors: Palomba S, Berovic N, Palmer RE.
Journal: Langmuir (2006): 5451
cDNA cloning, expression and homology modeling of a luciferase from the firefly Lampyroidea maculata
Authors: Emamzadeh AR, Hosseinkhani S, Sadeghizadeh M, Nikkhah M, Chaichi MJ, Mortazavi M.
Journal: J Biochem Mol Biol (2006): 578
Authors: Emamzadeh AR, Hosseinkhani S, Sadeghizadeh M, Nikkhah M, Chaichi MJ, Mortazavi M.
Journal: J Biochem Mol Biol (2006): 578
Cloning and characterization of the homologous genes of firefly luciferase in the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor
Authors: Oba Y, Sato M, Inouye S.
Journal: Insect Mol Biol (2006): 293
Authors: Oba Y, Sato M, Inouye S.
Journal: Insect Mol Biol (2006): 293
Structural basis for the spectral difference in luciferase bioluminescence
Authors: Nakatsu T, Ichiyama S, Hiratake J, Saldanha A, Kobashi N, Sakata K, Kato H.
Journal: Nature (2006): 372
Authors: Nakatsu T, Ichiyama S, Hiratake J, Saldanha A, Kobashi N, Sakata K, Kato H.
Journal: Nature (2006): 372
Firefly luciferase produces hydrogen peroxide as a coproduct in dehydroluciferyl adenylate formation
Authors: Fraga H, Fern and es D, Novotny J, Fontes R, Esteves da Silva JC.
Journal: Chembiochem (2006): 929
Authors: Fraga H, Fern and es D, Novotny J, Fontes R, Esteves da Silva JC.
Journal: Chembiochem (2006): 929
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