What is the significance of an extraction buffer?

Extraction buffers are used during cell lysis, as they contain detergents or other agents which disrupt cell membranes, allowing the release of intracellular contents into solution. Guanidine thiocyanate acts as an excellent protein denaturant and powerful inhibitor of enzymes which degrade nucleic acids. Extraction buffers also serve the crucial function of extracting and preserving specific compounds in a stable environment. This is particularly essential in biochemical experiments because many biomolecules exhibit varying ionic properties depending on the pH. Additionally, extraction buffers aid in the separation of desired proteins from insoluble cellular components, facilitating the isolation process.