What are the types of neurons?

Neurons can be categorized into three main types based on connection.

1. Unipolar Neurons: Unipolar neurons have a single process extending from the soma or cell body. This process branches out into two processes which extend in opposite directions, with one branch functioning as an axon and the other as a dendrite. The single long axon is associated with sensory reception. It is myelinated, which allows for faster transmission of signals. The majority of sensory neurons are unipolar. 
2. Bipolar Neurons: Bipolar neurons have two distinct processes – a dendrite and an axon – extending from the cell body in opposite directions. They are often found in specialized sensory organs such as the retina of the eye and the olfactory nerve. Bipolar neurons receive sensory information from the world through these sensory organs and transmit the signals to the central nervous system.
3. Multipolar Neurons: Multipolar neurons have multiple dendrites and a single axon extending from the cell body. They are the most common type of neuron in the central nervous system and are capable of receiving impulses from multiple neurons through the dendrites. Multipolar neurons are responsible for a wide range of functions, including motor control, higher cognitive processes, and communication between neurons. Motor neurons and interneurons in the brain and spinal cord are examples of multipolar neurons.

Based on function, neurons can be categorized into three main types:

1. Sensory Neurons: Sensory neurons help us feel and explore the world around us by transmitting sensory information from sensory receptors such as in the skin, eyes, ears, and taste buds to the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord. Sensory neurons help us perceive and respond to stimuli such as light, sound, touch, taste, and pain. When we experience any of these stimuli, sensory neurons transmit appropriate sensory information to the brain. 
2. Motor Neurons: Motor neurons of the spinal cord are a part of the central nervous system. They play a vital role in controlling muscle movement by conveying signals from the spinal cord to skeletal and smooth muscles throughout the body. Motor neurons enable us to perform voluntary movements such as moving our arms and legs, as well as involuntary actions such as reflexes.
3. Interneurons (Association Neurons): Interneurons are the most abundant type of neurons in the body. Found within the central nervous system, interneurons act as intermediaries relaying electrical signals between sensory and motor neurons. They process and integrate information received from sensory neurons and transmit signals to motor neurons.