What are the limitations of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE)?

One main limitation is that in CZE, the injection system may not be reproducible. Another con is the ability to separate closely related species in complex mixtures is more difficult, and may lead to the elution of broad peaks. Additionally, achieving accurate quantification is often more challenging compared to HPLC. CZE is also less cost-efficient compared to techniques like traditional gel electrophoresis. Lastly, reproducibility in CZE can be affected by factors such as inconsistent injections, increases in temperature along the capillary during separation and sample adherence to capillary walls.