What are the functions of lipid nanoparticles?

Their main function is to deliver nucleic acids to targeted cells or tissues within the body. They do this by shielding mRNA from breaking down and helping it enter specific cells or tissues. These nanoparticles can also work together with mRNA-encoded proteins to enhance therapeutic effects. For instance, lipids that have a heterocyclic amine group can activate the STING (stimulator of interferon genes) signaling pathway in dendritic cells, which can boost the immune response. LNPs also function to manage the delivery of functional ingredients like proteins, flavors, vitamins, and enzymes in different food and nutritional products.