How do ribosomes and mitochondria work together?

Ribosomes and mitochondria work together to synthesize proteins essential for mitochondrial function. Ribosomes, found both in the cytoplasm and within the mitochondria (mitoribosomes) produce the proteins encoded by nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA, respectively. Within the mitochondria, they contribute to various cellular processes, including oxidative phosphorylation for ATP generation. Over time, mitoribosomes have evolved to specialize in producing proteins specific to the mitochondrial membrane. This specialization has resulted in significant alterations in their structure and makeup. Essentially, the ribosomes and mitochondria work together to sustain cell homeostasis by ensuring the cell has the essential proteins and energy it needs.