What are the functions of mitochondria?

Mitochondria are referred to as the powerhouse of the cell as they function to form the ATP required for the cell’s survival. Mitochondria transform the chemical energy derived from food into a usable form for the cell through a process known as oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria also play a role in maintaining the cell's internal environment by storing caspases, which are molecules that initiate apoptosis. These organelles release cytochrome C, which activate the caspases. Additionally, mitochondria have the capacity to temporarily store calcium, playing a role in balancing calcium levels within the cell. They absorb calcium ions rapidly. In brown adipose tissue, mitochondria generate heat through the electron transport chain through a proton leak. Mitochondria play an important role in apoptosis, promote growth and proliferation, as well as regulating the metabolic activity of cells.