How do acids and bases affect living organisms?

In living organisms, acids and bases play a crucial role because most enzymes can only function effectively within specific acidity levels. Cells secrete acids and bases to create the optimal environment for enzyme activity. For instance, in the stomach, the acidic environment is essential for the enzyme pepsin to break down proteins efficiently. However, when stomach contents move into the small intestine, enzymes require a basic environment to work effectively. To achieve this, the pancreas releases a strong base into the small intestine to neutralize the stomach acid, ensuring proper enzyme function and digestion.