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Amplite® Choline Quantitation Kit

Choline and its metabolites play an important role in the structural integrity and signaling of cell membranes and cholinergic neurotransmission (acetylcholine synthesis). It is a major source for methyl groups via its metabolite, trimethylglycine that participates in the S-adenosylmethionine synthesis pathways. Choline deficiency may cause liver disease, atherosclerosis and possibly neurological disorders. Despite its importance in the central nervous system as a precursor for acetylcholine and membrane phosphatidylcholine, the role of choline in mental illness has been little studied. This Amplite® Choline Quantitation Kit provides one of the most sensitive methods for quantifying choline. The kit uses Amplite® Red to quantify the concentration of choline, which is related to the production of hydrogen peroxide in the choline oxidase-mediated enzyme coupling reactions. The amount of choline is proportional to the concentration of hydrogen peroxide formed in the enzyme coupling reaction cycle. In the presence of peroxidase, the fluorescence intensity of Amplite® Red is proportional to the formation of hydrogen peroxide that is converted to the concentration of choline. The assay can be readily read with a fluorescence microplate reader. Alternatively the assay can also be read at ~570 nm with an absorption microplate reader.

Example protocol

AT A GLANCE

Protocol Summary
  1. Prepare and add choline standards and/or test samples (50 µL)
  2. Prepare and add Choline Assay working solution (50 µL)
  3. Incubate at room temperature for 15-60 minutes
  4. Monitor fluroscence intensity at Ex/Em = 540/590 nm
Important Note

Thaw all the kit components at room temperature before starting the experiment.

PREPARATION OF STOCK SOLUTIONS

Unless otherwise noted, all unused stock solutions should be divided into single-use aliquots and stored at -20 °C after preparation. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles

Amplite™ Red stock solution (250X)

Add 40 µL of DMSO (Component E) into the vial of Amplite™ Red substrate (Component A). The stock solution should be used promptly. Any remaining solution should be aliquoted and refrozen at -20 oC. Note: Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Note: The Amplite™ Red substrate is unstable in the presence of thiols such as dithiothreitol (DTT) and 2-mercaptoethanol. The final concentration of DTT or 2-mercaptoethanol in the reaction should be no higher than 10 µM. The Amplite™ Red substrate is also unstable at high pH (> 8.5). Therefore, the reaction should be performed at pH 7–8. The provided Assay Buffer (pH 7.4) is recommended.

Choline standard stock solution (50 mM)

Add 400 µL of ddH2O into the vial of Choline Standard (Component C) and mix well. Note: The unused choline stock solution should be divided into single use aliquotes and stored at -20oC.

PREPARATION OF STANDARD SOLUTIONS

For convenience, use the Serial Dilution Planner:
https://www.aatbio.com/tools/serial-dilution/40007

Choline standard
Add 20 µL of Choline standard stock solution (50mM) to 980 µL Assay Buffer (Component D) to generate 1000 µM standard solution. Note: Diluted choline standard solution is unstable, and should be used within 4 hours. Take 30 µL of 1000 µM standard to 970 µL Assay Buffer (Component D) to generate 30 µM choline standard solution, and then perform 1:3 serial dilutions to get 10, 3, 1, 0.3, 0.1, 0.03, and 0 µM choline standard. (Refer link in the Preparation of Standard Solution)

PREPARATION OF WORKING SOLUTION

Choline Assay working solution

Add 5 mL of Assay Buffer (Component D) into the bottle of Choline Probe (Component B), and mix them well. Add 20 µL of Amplite Red™ stock solution (250X) into the Choline Probe.

SAMPLE EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL

Table 1. Layout of Choline standards and test samples in a solid black 96-well microplate. CS = Choline standard (CS1-CS7); BL = blank control; TS = test sample.

BLBLTSTS
CS1CS1......
CS2CS2......
CS3CS3
CS4CS4
CS5CS5
CS6CS6
CS7CS7

Table 2. Reagent composition for each well

wellVolumeReagent
CS1 - CS750 µLSerial Dilutions (0.03 to 30 µM)
BL50 µLAssay Buffer (Component D)
TS50 µLtest sample
Choline assay
  1. Add choline standards and choline containing test samples into a 96-well solid black microplate as described in Tables 1 and 2.
  2. Add 50 µL of Choline Assay working solution into each well of choline standard, blank control, and test samples (Table 2) to make the total choline assay volume of 100 µL/well. Note: For a 384-well plate, add 25 µL of sample and 25 µL of assay reaction mixture into each well.
  3. Incubate the reaction for 15 to 60 minutes at room temperature, protected from light.
  4. Monitor the fluorescence intensity with a fluorescence plate reader at Ex/Em= 530-570 nm/590-600 nm (optimal Ex/Em = 540/590 nm).

Spectrum

Citations

View all 5 citations: Citation Explorer
Structure and mechanism of the osmoregulated choline transporter BetT
Authors: Yang, Tianjiao and Nian, Yuwei and Lin, Huajian and Li, Jing and Lin, Xiang and Li, Tianming and Wang, Ruiying and Wang, Longfei and Beattie, Gwyn A and Zhang, Jinru and others,
Journal: Science Advances (2024): eado6229
Discovery of potent chromone-based autotaxin inhibitors inspired by cannabinoids
Authors: Eymery, Mathias Christophe and Nguyen, Kim-Anh and Basu, Shibom and Hausmann, Jens and Nguyen, Viet-Khoa Tran and Seidel, Hans Peter and Gutierrez, Lola and Boumendjel, Ahc{\`e}ne and McCarthy, Andrew Aloysius
Journal: European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2023): 115944
Branched-chain amino acids govern the high learning ability phenotype in Tokai high avoider (THA) rats
Authors: Shida, Yukari and Endo, Hitoshi and Owada, Satoshi and Inagaki, Yutaka and Sumiyoshi, Hideaki and Kamiya, Akihide and Eto, Tomoo and Tatemichi, Masayuki
Journal: Scientific reports (2021): 1--16
Structural snapshots of the catalytic cycle of the phosphodiesterase Autotaxin
Authors: Hausmann, Jens and Keune, Willem-Jan and Ederveen, Agnes L Hipgrave and van Zeijl, Leonie and Joosten, Robbie P and Perrakis, Anastassis
Journal: Journal of structural biology (2016)

References

View all 62 references: Citation Explorer
Real-time multiplex PCR assay for genotyping of three apolipoprotein E alleles and two choline acetyltransferase alleles with three hybridization probes
Authors: Park HD, Park KU, Kim KW, Song J, Chang HE, Heo SR, Lee HJ, Kim JQ.
Journal: Clin Chem Lab Med (2007): 346
[Methyl-3H]-choline incorporation into MCF-7 cells: correlation with proliferation, choline kinase and phospholipase D assay
Authors: Al-Saeedi F, Smith T, Welch A.
Journal: Anticancer Res (2007): 901
Rapid high-throughput detection of peroxide with an acridinium-9-carboxamide: a homogeneous chemiluminescent assay for plasma choline
Authors: Adamczyk M, Brashear RJ, Mattingly PG.
Journal: Bioorg Med Chem Lett (2006): 2407
A simple and rapid radiochemical choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) assay screening test
Authors: Shiba K, Ogawa K, Kinuya S, Yajima K, Mori H.
Journal: J Neurosci Methods (2006): 98
Comparison of different sperm detection methods: amplification of fragment 3 of amelogenin gene (AMY 3), acid phosphatase detection, microcristalline choline assay and microscopic examination
Authors: Rydzewska MJ, Janica J, Pepinski W, Skawronska M, Niemcunowicz-Janica A.
Journal: Rocz Akad Med Bialymst (2000): 63
Page updated on November 21, 2024

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Catalog Number40007
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Spectral properties

Excitation (nm)

571

Emission (nm)

584

Storage, safety and handling

H-phraseH303, H313, H333
Hazard symbolXN
Intended useResearch Use Only (RUO)
R-phraseR20, R21, R22
UNSPSC12352200

Platform

Fluorescence microplate reader

Excitation540 nm
Emission590 nm
Cutoff570 nm
Recommended plateSolid black

Components

Choline dose response was obtained with Amplite® Choline Quantitation Kit in a 96-well solid black plate using a Gemini fluorescence microplate reader (Molecular Devices). As low as 100 nM (10 picomole/well) of choline can be detected with 30 minutes incubation time (n=3).
Choline dose response was obtained with Amplite® Choline Quantitation Kit in a 96-well solid black plate using a Gemini fluorescence microplate reader (Molecular Devices). As low as 100 nM (10 picomole/well) of choline can be detected with 30 minutes incubation time (n=3).
Choline dose response was obtained with Amplite® Choline Quantitation Kit in a 96-well solid black plate using a Gemini fluorescence microplate reader (Molecular Devices). As low as 100 nM (10 picomole/well) of choline can be detected with 30 minutes incubation time (n=3).