Bioconjugation services

Alkaline phosphatase conjugationKeywords: immunoassay, colorimetric, enzyme-based, conjugation, labeling, ALP, nitroblue tetrazolium, BCIP, western blotAlkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a homodimeric protein enzyme of 86 kilodaltons, containing two zinc atoms crucial to its catalytic function per monomer, and is optimally active at alkaline pH environments. Its conjugates have become an extremely useful tool in molecular biology and enzyme immunoassays. AAT Bioquest's Buccutite™ technology offers the most efficient method to conjugate antibodies and other macromolecules with ALP.

APC and PE tandem conjugationKeywords: tandem dyes, conjugation, allophycocyanin, phycoerythrin, flow cytometry, FRET, time resolved FRETThe first set of tandem dyes were generated using PE and APC fluorophores as donors in the late 1980s and mid-1990s, respectively. The subsequent revolutionary increase in tandem dyes, as well as additional lasers during this period led to the advancement of multicolor flow cytometry using tandem dyes in multicolor panel. AAT Bioquest's Buccutie™ technology offers the most efficient method to conjugate antibodies and other macromolecules with APC and PE tandems.

Biotin labelingKeywords: conjugation, biotinylation, streptavidin, avidin, biotin, signal amplification, strong covalent bond, immunoassayBiotin labeling (also called biotinylation) is the process of covalently attaching biotin to a protein, nucleic acid or other molecule. Biotinylation is rapid, specific and is unlikely to perturb the natural function of the molecule due to the small size of biotin. Biotin binds streptavidin and avidin with an extremely high affinity, fast on-rate, and high specificity, and these interactions are exploited in many areas of biotechnology to isolate biotinylated molecules of interest. Our ReadiView™ biotinylation technology enables us to offer the fastest and most accurate biotinylation service.

Fluorescence labelingKeywords: conjugation, excitation, emission, small molecule probe, highly sensitive, immunolabeling, multiplexLabeling various targets with separate fluorescent colors allows for the visualization of different structures or proteins within a cell in the same experiment. Ways to fluorescently label a target include fluorescent dyes, immunolabeling, and fluorescent fusion proteins- all of which can provide a means to selectively mark structures and proteins within the cell. This enables easy and direct imaging in applications such as fluorescence microscopy. AAT Bioquest offer the best fluorescence labeling services for a variety of biologicals samples with our unique iFluor™, mFluor™, trFluor™, Tide Fluor™, Tide Quencher™ and other classic fluorescent dyes (e.g., FITC, TRITC and some Alexa Fluor® dyes).

HRP conjugationKeywords: HRP, ELISA, enzyme-based, colorimetric, TMB, ADHP, sandwich assayThe enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP), found in the roots of horseradish, is used extensively in biochemistry applications. HRP conjugates are commonly used in techniques such as ELISA and Immunohistochemistry due to its monomeric nature and the ease with which it produces colored products. HRP is ideal in many respects for these applications because it is smaller, more stable, and less expensive than other popular tag enzymes. It also has a high turnover rate that allows generation of strong signals in a relatively short time span. AAT Bioquest's Buccutie™ technology offers the most efficient method to conjugate antibodies and other macromolecules with HRP.

Streptavidin conjugationKeywords: streptavidin, biotin, signal amplification, strong covalent bond, secondary reagentStreptavidin homo-tetramers have an extraordinarily high affinity for biotin and its conjugates. The binding of biotin to streptavidin is one of the strongest non-covalent interactions known in nature. Streptavidin is used extensively in molecular biology and other biological detections due to the streptavidin-biotin complex's resistance to organic solvents, denaturants, detergents, proteolytic enzymes, and extremes of temperature and pH. AAT Bioquest's Buccutie™ technology offers the most efficient method to conjugate antibodies and other macromolecules with streptavidin

TR-FRET labelingKeywords: FRET, delayed excitation, reduced background, tandem dyes, europium, terbium, fluorescence microscopyTime-resolved fluorescence energy transfer (TR-FRET) is the practical combination of time-resolved fluorometry (TRF) combined with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) that offers a powerful tool for drug discovery researchers. TR-FRET combines the low background aspect of TRF with the homogeneous assay format of FRET. The resulting assay provides an increase in flexibility, reliability and sensitivity in addition to higher throughput and fewer false positive/false negative results. FRET involves two fluorophores, a donor and an acceptor. Excitation of the donor by an energy source (e.g. flash lamp or laser) produces an energy transfer to the acceptor if the two are within a given proximity to each other. The acceptor in turn emits light at its characteristic wavelength. Our trFluor™ technology enables us to offer the best and most affordable TR-FRET service.