Why is differential gene expression important?

Differential gene expression is important since it is required for cell growth, homeostasis, and differentiation. Differential gene expression allows cells to activate the genes necessary for cell division and growth while simultaneously repressing genes that might inhibit these processes. This ensures that cells grow at the right rate and in the right place, preventing uncontrolled growth or cell death. In homeostasis, differential gene expression enables cells to respond to changes in their environment. During development, stem cells give rise to specialized cell types with distinct structures and functions through a process called differentiation. Differential gene expression functions to turn on or off genes in a coordinated manner, leading to the expression of proteins that are specific for that tissue, cell, or organ. If somatic cells experience abnormal changes in gene expression, it can lead to the development of conditions like cancer and other diseases.