Why do cells differentiate?

Cells differentiate to provide the body with the necessary development, reproduction, and longevity in order to survive. Stem cells possess the ability to continually divide as required and under certain conditions are able to differentiate into specialized cells. Differentiation is essential since it is the process by which cells take on specific roles and functions within the body based on their location and environment. For example, cells in lungs perform different functions than cells in the brain. Lung cells specialize in facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, while brain cells are responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body.