What types of groups do fatty acids belong to?

Fatty acids may belong to one of various types of groups based on specific parameters. 

1. Based on the presence or absence of double/triple bonds, fatty acids may be classified as: 

• • Saturated: No double bonds are present in the carbon chain
  • Unsaturated: One or more double bonds are present in the carbon chain 

2. Based on the degree of saturation or unsaturation in the carbon chain, fatty acids may be classified as: 

• • Monounsaturated: Only one double bond is present in the carbon chain
  • Polyunsaturated: Two or more double bonds are present in the carbon chain 

3. Based on their ability or inability to be synthesized, fatty acids may be classified as: 

• • Essential fatty acids: Cannot be created by the body
  • Non-essential fatty acids: Can be created by the body by converting amino acids in foods

4. Based on chain length, fatty acids may be classified as: 

• • Short-chain fatty acids: Contain no more than 6 carbon atoms
  • Medium-chain fatty acids: Contain from 8 to 12 carbon atoms
  • Long-chain fatty acids: Contain 14 to 18 carbon atoms
  • Very long chain fatty acids: Contain 20 or more carbon atoms 

5. Other types of fatty acid groups:

• • Oxygenated fatty acids: Contain hydroxyl, keto, and epoxy groups
  • Cyclic fatty acids: Have a cyclic unit with 3, 5 or 6 carbon atoms, similar to prostaglandins