What are the types of mass spectrometry?

There are various types of mass spectrometry. 

Firstlly, here is the  matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS). This MS is considered a soft ionization method to generate ions without breaking apart by using a laser beam. The positive ions are accelerated by an electric field to make any similarly charged ions have the same kinetic energy. The velocity of the ion is dependent on the m/z ratio, and the time it takes for the MALDI-TOF MS to detect it. This MS analyzes a wide range of biomolecules, like peptides and carbohydrates.

Another type of MS is the triple quadrupole mass spectrometer(TQMS). In this MS the first and third quadrupoles are essentially mass filters, and the second quadrupole is essentially a collision cell to fragment parent ions and generate fragment ions. The TQMS is the most common MS in use, because it is simple to use and low cost. Additionally, this MS can be used to determine the chemical structure of a compound that helps provide  information about fragmentation patterns. TQMS also is useful for quantitative studies. Its high sensitivity makes this spectrometer an important tool for areas such as pharmaceutical development, clinical research, and environmental studies. 

The next type of MS is the quadrupole-trap MS. This MS is hybrid and can either work as a standard quadrupole mass filter, or a linear ion trap. It can also be used for sensitive ion trap experiments. Another type of MS is the hybrid linear ion trap orbitrap MS. This LIT part uses a set of quadrupole rods to keep restrict ions radically and axially. The Orbitrap makes ions move in an orbital motion around the spindle. The current is then detected and converted to a mass spectrum, and this MS is used mainly in Proteomics and metabolomics analysis. 

Lastly, there is the quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer that combines the high-resolution quadrupole precursor and the accurate-mass Orbitrap detection. This MS is used in various fields such as proteomics, metabolomics, food safety and toxicology.