Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes hold and control the genetic material, DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The structural organization and the chemical composition of DNA are similar in both types of chromosomes. The genetic material in both chromosomal groups contains coding as well as non-coding sequences. In both prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes, gene expression is facilitated through transcription and translation of genetic information in chromosomes. In both groups, chromosomal DNA undergoes DNA methylation resulting in the structural regulation of gene expression. The negatively charged DNA in both chromosomal groups interact with various positively charged proteins, which nullifies their charges and helps in the packing of DNA.