What are the major functions of MMPs?

MMPs are primarily responsible for tissue remodeling and degradation of the ECM of proteins and glycoproteins, membrane receptors, cytokines, and growth factors. MMPs proteolyse ECM components with the release of bioactive fragments and proteins. They are also involved in promoting migration, differentiation and cell proliferation and may play a role in apoptosis, tissue repair, angiogenesis and immune response. MMPs may also affect molecules on the cell surface and modulate several cellular and signaling pathways. MMPs are also involved in membrane shedding and alter the activity of other proteases. The deregulation of MMPS can lead to tissue destruction, fibrosis, and matrix weakening which can lead to diseases such as cancers, atherosclerosis, and aortic aneurysm.