What are the functions of glia?

Glia are non-neuronal cells that are found in the peripheral and central nervous system. Glial cells have various kinds of shapes, types, sizes, each with their specialized functions.

In the central nervous system, there are 3 types of neuroglia: microglial cells, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. 

1. Astrocytes are localized in the brain and spinal cord. They have complex structures resembling stars and function to maintain a suitable chemical environment for effective communication between neurons. 
2. Oligodendrocytes wrap myelin around certain axons of neurons, influencing the speed of nerve impulse transmission. 
3. Microglial cells play roles as scavenger cells in the brain, removing waste and debris from areas of injury or cell turnover. 

In the peripheral nervous system, the 3 main types of neuroglia are Schawn cells, enteric glia, and satellite cells. 

1. Schawnn cells play a key role in generating myelin. 
2. Satellite cells are found in the sensory and autonomic ganglia, and provide structural support to neurons. 
3. Enteric glia are found in the enteric nervous system, and support the processes of the digestive system.