What are the functions of cofactors?

Cofactors are non-protein molecules that play a key role in supporting biochemical reactions. They have a wide range of functions depending on their chemical composition and characteristics. 

Cofactors primarily assist enzymes in carrying out essential processes that the enzyme is unable to carry out on its own. Some functions of cofactors include: 

• Stabilizing enzyme structure so it maintains its correct shape
• Helping enzymes bind to their substrate more effectively, thereby increasing reaction rates
• Participating directly in catalysis 
• Influencing reaction specificity
• Facilitating electron transfer between molecules in redox reactions
• Participating in enzyme regulation
• Enabling precise trajectories
• Providing energy for reactions to occur