What are the functions of chloroplasts?

During photosynthesis, chloroplasts use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Another function is that chloroplasts turn excess glucose into starch, acting as storage for energy. This stored starch is used by the plant when it needs extra energy, such as during low light conditions or seed production. Chloroplasts also help in the generation of amino acids, which are crucial for building proteins and other molecules in plants. Another function is that chloroplasts generate antioxidants such as vitamin C to defend themselves from damage caused by excessive sunlight or other stresses. Chloroplasts are also involved in hormone synthesis as they produce plant hormones like gibberellins and auxins. Lastly, chloroplasts produce various pigments (beyond chlorophyll) which give plants their color. These pigments are important for attracting pollinators and protecting against UV radiation.