What are the different forms of regulated necrosis?
Posted May 17, 2024
Answer
The different forms of regulated necrosis are:
- Ferroptosis: Ferroptosis is not triggered by conventional signaling pathways, such as those involving death receptors or DNA sensors. Cell death through ferroptosis occurs in a non-cell-autonomous manner.
- Pyroptosis: Pyroptosis is a type of inflammatory cell death typically triggered by microbial infections. It involves the activation of inflammasomes, leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18)
- Necroptosis: Necroptosis relies on the presence of the protein RIPK3 (Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 3), along with its substrate MLKL (Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like protein). Necroptosis begins when immune signals like Fas, LPS, and TNF trigger the activation of RIPK3, which then phosphorylates MLKL (at specific sites such as S345 in mice or T357 and S358 in humans).
Additional resources
Pyroptosis: a new paradigm of cell death for fighting against cancer