What are the applications of microsatellites?

Microsatellites are short, repeated stretches of DNA that are found at specific genomic locations in most organisms. They are used in a wide range of applications, including but not limited to:

• DNA profiling: Microsatellites enable the creation of unique DNA fingerprints for individuals, aiding in applications such as forensic identification and paternity testing among others. 
• Genetic mapping: The location of genes in the genome can be mapped using microsatellites, facilitating the identification of genes linked to traits or diseases. 
• Population genetics: Microsatellites facilitate the study of genetic diversity within populations, aiding in a better understanding of the evolution of populations and identification of populations at risk of extinction.
• Conservation genetics: Studying the genetic diversity of endangered species using microsatellites, guides conservation strategies for these species.

In addition, researchers utilize microsatellites to analyze population dynamics, genetic structure, and evolutionary relationships among animal species, thus playing a crucial role in phylogenetic research in addition to population and conservation genetics.