What are the applications of antibodies?

Antibodies are indispensable in a wide range of applications in diverse fields including: 

• Applications of Antibodies in Medicine – Antibodies are used in medical diagnostics, treatment of immune deficiencies and some types of cancer, and prenatal therapy specifically to minimize the risk of hemolytic disease of the newborn. 
• Applications of Antibodies in Biomedical Research – The superior sensitivity and specificity of antibodies makes them very valuable in biomedical research application. Antibodies are key components in Western Blotting, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), Immunoprecipitation assays, Immunohistochemistry, and immunocytochemistry. 
• In Vivo Applications of Antibodies – In immunological studies, antibodies are used in vivo to neutralize cell surface receptors to facilitate binding to soluble factors. They are also used in vivo to reduce specific cells for functional analyses. 
• Applications of Antibodies in Flow Cytometry – In flow cytometry, antibodies are widely used for intracellular analysis.