How does protein synthesis occur in eukaryotes?

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation occur asynchronously, with transcription taking place in the nucleus and translation taking place in the cytoplasmic ribosomes. During transcription, which is the first step of protein synthesis in eukaryotes, pre-mRNA undergoes post-transcriptional modifications in the nucleus to generate a mature mRNA molecule. The second step is translation, which occurs in the cytoplasm, where ribosomes are found either bound to the endoplasmic reticulum or floating freely in the aqueous environment. Initiation of protein synthesis involves the assembly of an 80S ribosome with an mRNA and an initiator methionyl-transfer RNA.