How does mutation affect genetic change?

Mutations are alterations in the DNA sequence. These alterations may range from small alterations such as the substitution of a single DNA building block to more extensive alterations affecting multiple genes on a chromosome. 

Mutations play a crucial role in genetic change as they introduce variations in the genetic code that can affect the structure and function of proteins, leading to diverse traits that impact the information cells use to perform their function. Over time, accumulation of mutations contributes to genetic diversity within populations, which is crucial for human evolution. 

Some mutations may be beneficial, conferring advantages such as increased survival, reproduction, and disease resistance odds, while others may be neutral or harmful. Beneficial mutations become integrated into the human genome, evolving from gene variants into standard genes over time.