How do I deliver CRISPR nucleases and gRNAs into my cells?

There are several techniques to deliver CRISPR nucleases and gRNAs into cells. 

One method is through lipofection. In this method, lipid molecules encompass the molecule to be delivered, forming a complex called a liposome. This liposome then merges with the cell's outer membrane, letting out its material into the cell. 

Another method is by nanoparticles, which can transport different compounds or drugs to specific cells using precise techniques. For instance, gold nanoparticles have been effective in carrying ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) containing gRNA along with either Cas12a or Cas9 the brains of mice. 

Another technique is microinjection. There are 3 main types of microinjections: introducing DNA directly into the cell nucleus, delivering mRNA molecules to the cytoplasm, or delivering mRNA molecules made outside the cell to the nucleus. 

Lastly, electroporation temporarily increases cell permeability using a brief electrical pulse. This allows molecules (including the CRISPR guide RNA and Cas enzyme) to enter the cell's cytoplasm via the plasma membrane.