SunRed™ Acetate
Esterase-catalyzed hydrolysis of Sun Red acetate (SRA) yields the Sun Red fluorophore that can be excited with the 633 nm laser with emission of ~660 nm. The fluorescence of Sun Red can be readily detected using the Cy5 filter set that is commonly equipped with most of the commercial fluorescence instruments. Although Sun Red is readily excited at 633 nm with red emission of ~660 nm, SRA has very minimal absorption at 633 nm without red emission, making SRA one of the most sensitive NIR esterase substrates. SRA provides a second color for cell viability assay while the popular fluorescein color can used for another cellular functional assay. SRA is a non-fluorescent hydrophobic compound that can pass through the cell membrane whereupon intracellular esterases hydrolyze the acetate group producing the highly fluorescent product Sun Red. The Sun Red molecule accumulates in cells that possess intact membranes so the deep red fluorescence can be used as a marker of cell viability. Cells that do not possess an intact cell membrane or an active metabolism may not accumulate the fluorescent product and therefore do not exhibit deep red fluorescence. SRA may be used in combination with a green vital stain such as a FITC or Alexa Fluor 488-labeled antibody.
Example protocol
AT A GLANCE
Protocol summary
- Prepare cells with test compounds
- Remove the medium
- Add SunRed™ Acetate working solution (100 µL/well/96-well plate or 25 µL/well/384-well plate)
- Incubate at 37°C, 5% CO2 incubator for 1 hour
- Wash and replace the working solution with HHBS
- Read fluorescence intensity at Ex/Em = 620/660 nm (cut off 640 nm)
Important notes
The following is the recommended protocol. It only provides a guideline, should be modified according to the specific needs.
PREPARATION OF STOCK SOLUTION
Unless otherwise noted, all unused stock solutions should be divided into single-use aliquots and stored at -20 °C after preparation. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
1. SunRed™ acetate stock solution (2 to 10 mM)
Prepare a 2 to 10 mM stock solution of SunRed™ acetate in DMSO. The stock solution should be used promptly.
PREPARATION OF WORKING SOLUTION
SunRed™ acetate working solution:
Prepare SunRed™ acetate working solution at 5 to 10 µM in 1X Hank’s salt solution with 20 mM Hepes buffer (HHBS) or buffer of your choice before the experiment.
For guidelines on cell sample preparation, please visit
https://www.aatbio.com/resources/guides/cell-sample-preparation.html
SAMPLE EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL
- Remove the medium from the cells.
- Add 100 µL/well (96-well plate) or 25 µL/well (384-well plate) of SunRed™ acetate working solution.
- Incubate the SunRed™ acetate working solution plate at room temperature or 37°C for 1 hour, protected from light. The appropriate incubation time depends on the individual cell type and cell concentration used. Optimize the incubation time for each experiment. For non-adherent cells, it is recommended to centrifuge cell plates at 800 rpm for 2 minutes with brake off after incubation.
- Monitor the fluorescence intensity at Ex/Em = 620/660 nm (cut off 640 nm).
Spectrum
Open in Advanced Spectrum Viewer
Product family
Name | Excitation (nm) | Emission (nm) | Correction Factor (280 nm) |
SunRed™ SE | 592 | 609 | 0.366 |
SunRed™ Phosphate | 653 | 661 | - |
References
View all 18 references: Citation Explorer
The secreted esterase of group a streptococcus is important for invasive skin infection and dissemination in mice
Authors: Zhu H, Liu M, Sumby P, Lei B.
Journal: Infect Immun (2009): 5225
Authors: Zhu H, Liu M, Sumby P, Lei B.
Journal: Infect Immun (2009): 5225
Neuropathy target esterase is required for adult vertebrate axon maintenance
Authors: Read DJ, Li Y, Chao MV, Cavanagh JB, Glynn P.
Journal: J Neurosci (2009): 11594
Authors: Read DJ, Li Y, Chao MV, Cavanagh JB, Glynn P.
Journal: J Neurosci (2009): 11594
Application of glutaraldehyde for the staining of esterase-active cells with carboxyfluorescein diacetate
Authors: Morono Y, Takano S, Miyanaga K, Tanji Y, Unno H, Hori K.
Journal: Biotechnol Lett (2004): 379
Authors: Morono Y, Takano S, Miyanaga K, Tanji Y, Unno H, Hori K.
Journal: Biotechnol Lett (2004): 379
Evaluation of fitness components in strains of Drosophila mulleri carrying different genotypes for an esterase
Authors: Lourenco MF, Ceron CR, Carareto CM.
Journal: Cytobios (2001): 125
Authors: Lourenco MF, Ceron CR, Carareto CM.
Journal: Cytobios (2001): 125
Purification and properties of an esterase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and identification of the encoding gene
Authors: Degrassi G, Uotila L, Klima R, Venturi V.
Journal: Appl Environ Microbiol (1999): 3470
Authors: Degrassi G, Uotila L, Klima R, Venturi V.
Journal: Appl Environ Microbiol (1999): 3470
Page updated on December 17, 2024