logo
AAT Bioquest

Protonex™ Red 600-Dextran Conjugate *10,000 MW for Endocytosis*

Product key features

  • pH-sensitive, no-wash detection: Nonfluorescent at neutral pH but fluoresces bright red in acidic endocytic vesicles, eliminating the need for wash steps or external quencher dyes.
  • Bright red fluorescence: Delivers high-intensity, high-contrast signals inside endosomes and lysosomes with minimal background, enabling clear visualization of internalized cargo.
  • Multiplexing capability: Spectrally compatible with common green fluorophores (e.g., FITC, GFP) and other channels, allowing multi-color assays and simultaneous tracking of multiple parameters.
  • Versatile applications: Compatible with live-cell fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, high-throughput screening (HTS), high-content analysis (HCA), and cell tracing studies.
  • Direct Alternative to pHrodo™ Red Dextran: Matches or exceeds performance in phagocytosis assays and endocytosis imaging

Product description

Protonex™ Red 600-Dextran Conjugate *10,000 MW for Endocytosis* is a pH-sensitive red fluorescent dextran dye designed for real-time, wash-free imaging of endocytosis, phagocytosis, and lysosomal acidification in live-cell assays. Nonfluorescent at neutral pH, it emits a bright red fluorescent signal upon internalization into acidic compartments (e.g., endosomes and lysosomes), eliminating the need for secondary quencher dyes or disruptive wash steps.

Its Texas Red®-compatible spectral profile ensures seamless integration into existing fluorescence imaging platforms, including widefield and confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and automated plate readers. Its spectral characteristics permit multiplexing with green (e.g., FITC, GFP) and far-red fluorophores, supporting multi-channel analysis in complex assay formats.

Designed to streamline workflows, Protonex™ Red 600-Dextran accelerates high-throughput screening (HTS) and high-content analysis (HCA) by delivering strong signal-to-background ratios while maintaining excellent cell viability. It is particularly well suited for applications such as antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) assays in immuno-oncology, monitoring of autophagic flux, and tracing of neuronal or vascular structures. The consistent performance and minimal protocol requirements of Protonex™ Red 600-Dextran not only reduce variability and experimental complexity but facilitate reliable quantification of endocytic uptake, phagosome maturation, and intracellular trafficking dynamics in live-cell systems.

Applications

  • Phagocytosis & Endocytosis Assays
    Monitor phagosome acidification in macrophages or neutrophils, detect fluid-phase macropinocytosis in tumor cells, and measure uptake via flow cytometry for real-time readouts.
  • Lysosomal Tracking & Acidification Studies
    Quantify lysosomal pH changes in live cells, investigate endocytic trafficking and autophagy-related pathways, and capture acidification events without the need for wash steps.
  • ADCP Assays (Antibody-Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis)
    Assess how immune cells engulf bacteria, beads, or labeled cancer cells, providing crucial insights for immunotherapy and drug development.
  • High-Throughput & High-Content Screening
    Leverage streamlined, wash-free detection compatible with automated plate readers, robotic workflows, and confocal imaging to boost assay speed and scalability.
  • Neuronal & Vascular Tracing
    Track dextrans across the blood-brain barrier or within neuronal networks, enabling detailed neuroanatomical and cell lineage studies that require precise intracellular trafficking data.
  • Intracellular Communication & Cytoplasmic Analysis
    Investigate gap junction dynamics, cell–cell transfer, and cytoplasmic matrix properties (e.g., viscosity, diffusion) to uncover key cellular processes in diverse research areas.

Example protocol

AT A GLANCE

Protocol Summary
  1. Prepare cells in a growth medium
  2. Replace the medium with Protonex™ Red 600-Dextran loading solution (100 µL/well for 96-well plate)
  3. Incubate at 37ºC for 5–20 minutes
  4. Read Fluorescence at Ex/Em = 576/597 nm

CELL PREPARATION

For guidelines on cell sample preparation, please visit:
https://www.aatbio.com/resources/guides/cell-samplepreparation.html

SAMPLE EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL

Assay Protocol for Endocytosis

The following protocol is recommended for standard cell loading. It serves as a general guideline and may be adapted to suit specific experimental requirements.

1. Prepare cells as desired:
  1. For example, plate adherent cells overnight in growth medium at 40,000 to 80,000 cells/well/100µL for a 96-well plate or 10,000 to 20,000 cells/well/25µL for 384-well plates.

    Note: Optimal cell density may vary by cell line and should be determined experimentally.
2. Prepare Protonex™ Red 600-Dextran loading solution:
  1. Prepare a 1mg/mL stock solution of Protonex™ Red 600-Dextran in 1 mL of sterile water or Hanks and 20 mM Hepes buffer
    (HHBS). The stock solution should be used promptly. Any unused solution need to be aliquoted and refrozen at < -20 oC.

    Note: Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, and protect from light.
  2. Prepare a 20-100ug/mL Protonex™ Red 600-Dextran loading solution in HHBS.
3. Run Endocytosis Assay:
  1. Remove the medium, and add 100 µL/well (96-well plate) or 25 µL/well (384-well plate) Protonex™ Red 600-Dextran loading
    solution into the cell plate (from Step 2.2).

    Note: It is important to replace the growth medium with HHBS buffer (100 µL/well for 96-well plate or 25 µL/well for 384-
    well plate before dye-loading) if your compounds interfere with the serum.

    Note: Rapid trafficking of Protonex™ Red 600-Dextran from early endosomes to late endosomes and subsequent fusion with
    lysosomes can occur. To aid the visualization of Protonex™ Green dextran within the endosomes, we recommend increasing
    the labeling concentration and decreasing the loading time, and imaging immediately.
  2. Incubate the dye-loading plate at cell incubator for 5 to 20 minutes.
  3. Wash and replace the dye-loading solution with HHBS or growth medium.
  4. Run the endocytosis assay by monitoring the fluorescence at Ex/Em = 576/597 nm.

Notes:

  • Protonex™ Red 600-Dextran becomes bright red under acidic conditions (e.g., in lysosomes), enabling monitoring of endocytosis and lysosomal acidification.
  • The fluorescence signal is relatively stable for at least one hour after trafficking to lysosomes.
  • Because lysosomes have a lower pH than endosomes, lysosomal staining is typically brighter. Modulation of endocytosis or lysosomal function can be inferred by changes in fluorescence intensity.

 

Spectrum

References

View all 50 references: Citation Explorer
The IP3R inhibitor desmethylxestospongin B reduces tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis by impairing lysosome acidification and β1-integrin recycling.
Authors: Bustos, Galdo and Ahumada-Castro, Ulises and Silva-Pavez, Eduardo and Huerta, Hernán and Puebla, Andrea and Quezada, Camila and Morgado-Cáceres, Pablo and Casanova-Canelo, César and Smith-Cortinez, Natalia and Podunavac, Maša and Oyarce, Cesar and Lladser, Alvaro and Farias, Paula and Lovy, Alenka and Molgó, Jordi and Torres, Vicente A and Zakarian, Armen and Cárdenas, J César
Journal: Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease (2025): 167557
CD22 exacerbates brain injury in subarachnoid hemorrhage by inhibiting microglial phagocytic function.
Authors: Jin, Erliang and Han, Jing and Pan, Wanxi and Yao, Longfei and Jiang, Lai and Tang, Hua
Journal: Neurological research (2025): 211-221
The COVID-19 vaccine ChAdOx1 is opsonized by anti-vector antibodies that activate complement and promote viral vector phagocytosis.
Authors: Nissilä, Eija and Starck, Leo and Aho, Elias and Venerandi, Erika and Jalkanen, Pinja and Leskinen, Katarzyna and Uvarov, Pavel and Saavalainen, Päivi and Julkunen, Ilkka and Kotimaa, Juha and Haapasalo, Karita and Meri, Seppo
Journal: Scandinavian journal of immunology (2025): e70000
Protective effect of zinc against A2E-induced toxicity in ARPE-19 cells: Possible involvement of lysosomal acidification.
Authors: Choi, Jeong A and Seo, Bo-Ra and Koh, Jae-Young and Yoon, Young Hee
Journal: Heliyon (2024): e39100
Modulation of cannabinoid receptor 2 alters neuroinflammation and reduces formation of alpha-synuclein aggregates in a rat model of nigral synucleinopathy.
Authors: Joers, Valerie and Murray, Benjamin C and McLaughlin, Caroline and Oliver, Danielle and Staley, Hannah E and Coronado, Jazmyn and Achat-Mendes, Cindy and Golshani, Sanam and Kelly, Sean D and Goodson, Matthew and Lee, Danica and Manfredsson, Fredric P and Moore Ii, Bob M and Tansey, Malú Gámez
Journal: Journal of neuroinflammation (2024): 240
Page updated on April 15, 2025

Ordering information

Price
Unit size
Catalog Number21236
Quantity
Add to cart

Additional ordering information

Telephone1-800-990-8053
Fax1-800-609-2943
Emailsales@aatbio.com
InternationalSee distributors
Bulk requestInquire
Custom sizeInquire
Technical SupportContact us
Purchase orderSend to sales@aatbio.com
ShippingStandard overnight for United States, inquire for international
Request quotation

Physical properties

Solvent

Water

Spectral properties

Excitation (nm)

576

Emission (nm)

597

Storage, safety and handling

H-phraseH303, H313, H333
Hazard symbolXN
Intended useResearch Use Only (RUO)
R-phraseR20, R21, R22

Storage

Freeze (< -15 °C); Minimize light exposure

Platform

Fluorescence microscope

Excitation597 nm (Texas Red®-compatible)
Emission576 nm (Texas Red®-compatible)
Recommended plateBlack wall, clear bottom
The pH dependent Emission spectra of Protonex™ Red 600.
The pH dependent Emission spectra of Protonex™ Red 600.
The pH dependent Emission spectra of Protonex™ Red 600.