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2',3'-cGAMP, sodium salt
2',3'-cGAMP or cGAMP (Cyclic guanosine monophosphate"adenosine monophosphate) is produced in mammalian cells by cGAS (cGAMP synthase) from ATP and GTP upon cytosolic DNA stimulation. cGAMP produced by cGAS contains mixed phosphodiester linkages, with one between 2\'-OH of GMP and 5\'-phosphate of AMP and the other between 3\'-OH of AMP and 5\'-phosphate of GMP. 2',3'-cGAMP is also referred to as "noncanonical" cGAMP due to the presence of the atypical 2'-5' phosphodiester linkage between the guanosine and the adenosine. Similar to the canonical 3',3'-cGAMP, 2'3'-cGAMP serves as a second messenger to activate innate immune responses by binding to STING (stimulator of IFN genes) and subsequently inducing the TBK1-IRF3-dependent production of IFN-β. Structural and functional studies revealed that noncanonical 2'3'-cGAMP is distinct from the canonical 3'3'-cGAMP produced by bacteria. 2\'3\'-cGAMP binds to STING with a much greater affinity than 3\'3\'-cGAMP. cGAMP has also been shown to be an effective adjuvant that boosts the production of antigen-specific antibodies and T cell responses in mice. cGAMP demonstrates antiviral functions in the cell where it is produced, it can cross cell membranes by passive diffusion to have some effects on neighboring cells.
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Common stock solution preparation
Table 1. Volume of Water needed to reconstitute specific mass of 2',3'-cGAMP, sodium salt to given concentration. Note that volume is only for preparing stock solution. Refer to sample experimental protocol for appropriate experimental/physiological buffers.
| 0.1 mg | 0.5 mg | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 139.202 µL | 696.01 µL | 1.392 mL | 6.96 mL | 13.92 mL |
| 5 mM | 27.84 µL | 139.202 µL | 278.404 µL | 1.392 mL | 2.784 mL |
| 10 mM | 13.92 µL | 69.601 µL | 139.202 µL | 696.01 µL | 1.392 mL |
Molarity calculator
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Citations
View all 54 citations: Citation Explorer
The cGAS-cGAMP-STING Pathway: A Molecular Link Between Immunity and Metabolism
Authors: Bai, J., Liu, F.
Journal: Diabetes (2019): 1099-1108
Authors: Bai, J., Liu, F.
Journal: Diabetes (2019): 1099-1108
Efficacy and mechanism of cGAMP to suppress Alzheimer's disease by elevating TREM2
Authors: Xu, Q., Xu, W., Cheng, H., Yuan, H., Tan, X.
Journal: Brain Behav Immun (2019): se name="20310.enl" path="C:\Users\aatbi\Drop
Authors: Xu, Q., Xu, W., Cheng, H., Yuan, H., Tan, X.
Journal: Brain Behav Immun (2019): se name="20310.enl" path="C:\Users\aatbi\Drop
Discovery of a Novel cGAMP Competitive Ligand of the Inactive Form of STING
Authors: Siu, T., Altman, M. D., Baltus, G. A., Childers, M., Ellis, J. M., Gunaydin, H., Hatch, H., Ho, T., Jewell, J., Lacey, B. M., Lesburg, C. A., Pan, B. S., Sauvagnat, B., Schroeder, G. K., Xu, S.
Journal: ACS Med Chem Lett (2019): 92-97
Authors: Siu, T., Altman, M. D., Baltus, G. A., Childers, M., Ellis, J. M., Gunaydin, H., Hatch, H., Ho, T., Jewell, J., Lacey, B. M., Lesburg, C. A., Pan, B. S., Sauvagnat, B., Schroeder, G. K., Xu, S.
Journal: ACS Med Chem Lett (2019): 92-97
Publisher Correction: Viral and metazoan poxins are cGAMP-specific nucleases that restrict cGAS-STING signalling
Authors: Eaglesham, J. B., Pan, Y., Kupper, T. S., Kranzusch, P. J.
Journal: Nature (2019): E12
Authors: Eaglesham, J. B., Pan, Y., Kupper, T. S., Kranzusch, P. J.
Journal: Nature (2019): E12
The STING ligand cGAMP potentiates the efficacy of vaccine-induced CD8+ T cells
Authors: Gutjahr, A., Papagno, L., Nicoli, F., Kanuma, T., Kuse, N., Cabral-Piccin, M. P., Rochereau, N., Gostick, E., Lioux, T., Perouzel, E., Price, D. A., Takiguchi, M., Verrier, B., Yamamoto, T., Paul, S., Appay, V.
Journal: JCI Insight (2019): se name="20310.enl" path="C:\Users\aatbi\Drop
Authors: Gutjahr, A., Papagno, L., Nicoli, F., Kanuma, T., Kuse, N., Cabral-Piccin, M. P., Rochereau, N., Gostick, E., Lioux, T., Perouzel, E., Price, D. A., Takiguchi, M., Verrier, B., Yamamoto, T., Paul, S., Appay, V.
Journal: JCI Insight (2019): se name="20310.enl" path="C:\Users\aatbi\Drop
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