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2',3'-cGAMP
2',3'-cGAMP or cGAMP (Cyclic guanosine monophosphate"adenosine monophosphate) is produced in mammalian cells by cGAS (cGAMP synthase) from ATP and GTP upon cytosolic DNA stimulation. cGAMP produced by cGAS contains mixed phosphodiester linkages, with one between 2'-OH of GMP and 5'-phosphate of AMP and the other between 3'-OH of AMP and 5'-phosphate of GMP. 2',3'-cGAMP is also referred to as "noncanonical" cGAMP due to the presence of the atypical 2'-5' phosphodiester linkage between the guanosine and the adenosine. Similar to the canonical 3',3'-cGAMP, 2'3'-cGAMP serves as a second messenger to activate innate immune responses by binding to STING (stimulator of IFN genes) and subsequently inducing the TBK1-IRF3-dependent production of IFN-β. Structural and functional studies revealed that noncanonical 2'3'-cGAMP is distinct from the canonical 3'3'-cGAMP produced by bacteria. 2'3'-cGAMP binds to STING with a much greater affinity than 3'3'-cGAMP. cGAMP has also been shown to be an effective adjuvant that boosts the production of antigen-specific antibodies and T cell responses in mice. cGAMP demonstrates antiviral functions in the cell where it is produced, it can cross cell membranes by passive diffusion to have some effects on neighboring cells.
Calculators
Common stock solution preparation
Table 1. Volume of DMSO needed to reconstitute specific mass of 2',3'-cGAMP to given concentration. Note that volume is only for preparing stock solution. Refer to sample experimental protocol for appropriate experimental/physiological buffers.
| 0.1 mg | 0.5 mg | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 148.276 µL | 741.378 µL | 1.483 mL | 7.414 mL | 14.828 mL |
| 5 mM | 29.655 µL | 148.276 µL | 296.551 µL | 1.483 mL | 2.966 mL |
| 10 mM | 14.828 µL | 74.138 µL | 148.276 µL | 741.378 µL | 1.483 mL |
Molarity calculator
Enter any two values (mass, volume, concentration) to calculate the third.
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Citations
View all 55 citations: Citation Explorer
The cGAS-cGAMP-STING Pathway: A Molecular Link Between Immunity and Metabolism
Authors: Bai, J., Liu, F.
Journal: Diabetes (2019): 1099-1108
Authors: Bai, J., Liu, F.
Journal: Diabetes (2019): 1099-1108
Viral and metazoan poxins are cGAMP-specific nucleases that restrict cGAS-STING signalling
Authors: Eaglesham, J. B., Pan, Y., Kupper, T. S., Kranzusch, P. J.
Journal: Nature (2019): 259-263
Authors: Eaglesham, J. B., Pan, Y., Kupper, T. S., Kranzusch, P. J.
Journal: Nature (2019): 259-263
Structure and mechanism of a Hypr GGDEF enzyme that activates cGAMP signaling to control extracellular metal respiration
Authors: Hallberg, Z. F., Chan, C. H., Wright, T. A., Kranzusch, P. J., Doxzen, K. W., Park, J. J., Bond, D. R., Hammond, M. C.
Journal: Elife (2019): se name="20310.enl" path="C:\Users\aatbi\Drop
Authors: Hallberg, Z. F., Chan, C. H., Wright, T. A., Kranzusch, P. J., Doxzen, K. W., Park, J. J., Bond, D. R., Hammond, M. C.
Journal: Elife (2019): se name="20310.enl" path="C:\Users\aatbi\Drop
A Poxin on Both of Your Houses: Poxviruses Degrade the Immune Signal cGAMP
Authors: Dippel, A. B., Hammond, M. C.
Journal: Biochemistry (2019): 2387-2388
Authors: Dippel, A. B., Hammond, M. C.
Journal: Biochemistry (2019): 2387-2388
Distinct Dynamic and Conformational Features of Human STING in Response to 2'3'-cGAMP and c-di-GMP
Authors: Guo, J., Wang, J., Fan, J., Zhang, Y., Dong, W., Chen, C. P.
Journal: Chembiochem (2019): 1838-1847
Authors: Guo, J., Wang, J., Fan, J., Zhang, Y., Dong, W., Chen, C. P.
Journal: Chembiochem (2019): 1838-1847
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