What are the factors that can induce the movement of the ions through ion channels?

The three main factors that can induce the movement of ions through the ion channels are: 

• Concentration gradient: There is a difference in ion concentration, or concentration gradient, on either side of the cell membrane. Ions typically move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration across the membrane. 
• Electrical gradient: Electrical gradient refers to the difference in electrical potential across the membrane. Positively charged ions or cations are attracted to the negative electrical potential inside the cell membrane and repelled by the positive electrical potential outside the cell. Negative ions or anions are attracted to the positive electrical potential outside the cell and repelled by the negative potential inside the cell. 
• Active transport: This process uses energy to actively move Sodium (Na+) and Potassium (K+) ions against their concentration and electrical gradients. Active transport is carried out through protein pumps present in the cell membrane. They help maintain ionic differences across the membrane, thereby also helping to maintain resting membrane potential.